Testosterone 101

Everything you need to know about testosterone, backed by the latest research. We turn complex topics like diagnosis, dosing, delivery methods, and lab results into simple, practical insights. Understand TRT benefits and risks, maintain estradiol balance, and spot drug interactions - all grounded in evidence, not hype.

Moobs, man boobs, and male breast growth: What it really means and how to fix it

Moobs, man boobs, and male breast growth: What it really means and how to fix it

Dr. Susan Carter, MD avatar
Dr. Susan Carter, MD: Endocrinologist & Longevity Expert
Nov 21, 2025 · 14 min read

Most “moobs” are either chest fat (pseudogynecomastia) or true breast‑gland growth (gynecomastia) caused by a shift toward higher estrogen activity—often amplified when body fat’s aromatase converts testosterone into estradiol—and research suggests 30% to 65% of men experience some degree of male breast enlargement. Learn how to tell which type you have and what actually works, ...

Fadogia agrestis and tongkat ali: What science really says about this testosterone stack

Fadogia agrestis and tongkat ali: What science really says about this testosterone stack

Dr. Alexander Grant, MD, PhD avatar
Dr. Alexander Grant, MD, PhD: Urologist & Men's Health Advocate
Nov 20, 2025 · 9 min read

Human clinical trials show tongkat ali can modestly improve testosterone—likely by lowering cortisol and SHBG—while fadogia agrestis has little to no robust human evidence and an unresolved side‑effect profile based mostly on animal data. The stack targets the HPG axis from two angles (tongkat “releases the brakes,” fadogia aims to boost LH), but the gap ...

Does nicotine increase testosterone or quietly wreck it?

Does nicotine increase testosterone or quietly wreck it?

Dr. Alexander Grant, MD, PhD avatar
Dr. Alexander Grant, MD, PhD: Urologist & Men's Health Advocate
Nov 20, 2025 · 9 min read

In observational studies, male cigarette smokers average about 15% higher total testosterone and 13% higher free testosterone than non-smokers, likely because nicotine alters liver hormone metabolism and slows testosterone breakdown. That “smoker’s paradox” can still coincide with erectile dysfunction and infertility as smoking damages blood vessels and testosterone-producing Leydig cells, so higher lab numbers don’t ...

TRT side effects. Facts and myths.

TRT side effects. Facts and myths.

Dr. Alexander Grant, MD, PhD avatar
Dr. Alexander Grant, MD, PhD: Urologist & Men's Health Advocate
Nov 14, 2025 · 13 min read

Testosterone replacement can change energy, mood, strength, and sex drive — but it also shifts blood, skin, fertility, and prostate health. Here is a clear, evidence-based guide to TRT side effects and how to manage them safely. “Most problems blamed on TRT are preventable. The real risk is starting testosterone in the wrong man, at ...

Estrogen in men: Low Estradiol can ruin your TRT therapy

Estrogen in men: Low Estradiol can ruin your TRT therapy

Dr. Susan Carter, MD avatar
Dr. Susan Carter, MD: Endocrinologist & Longevity Expert
Oct 26, 2025 · 13 min read

Low estradiol can derail TRT even when testosterone looks “normal,” because aromatase converts testosterone into estradiol and symptoms often appear when estradiol falls below about 20 pg/mL. Learn the key signs, the right lab test to order, and how to fix low E2 without crashing your hormones. “Men often think estrogen is the enemy, but ...

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